Progressive and reversible change-speed mechanism



. N. GHERASSIMOFF. PROGRESSIVE AND REVERSIBLE CHANGE SPEED MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED 050.9, 1920- l,381,866. E Patented June 14 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET Fxgl 7 mmtys N. GHERA'SSIMOE-F. PROGRESSIVE AND REVERSIBLE CHANGE SPEED MECHANISM.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC/9.1920. 1,381,866, Patented June 14, 1921'.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- N. GHERASSIMOFF;

PROGRESSIVE AND REVERSIBLE CHANGE SPEED MECHANISM.

' APPLICATION men 050.9, 1920.

1,381,866.. 'PatentedJune 14, 1921.

4'S'HEETS-SHEET 4.

NICOLAS ennnassrraorr, or s'r. snRMAriv EN LAYE, FRANCE.

PROGRESSIVE AND REVERSIBLE CHANGE-SPEED MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 9, 1920. Serial No. 429,507.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NICOLAS Gnnniissr- Morn, a citizen of the Republic of Russia, residing at 7 Cite Mdicis, St. Germain en Laye, Seine and Oise, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Progressive and Reversible Change-Speed Mechanism, of which the follwing is a specification.

The present invention relates to a device for transmitting motion, which, though more especially intended for automobiles, is nevertheless capable of being utilized with the same advantages for motor-boats, machine-tools and other purposes where it is necessary either to vary the speed of a driven member or to reverse the direction of acteristic consisting in a device which, by

running.

The mechanism according to the present invention is of the type comprising a friction-cone with which cooperate rollers which can be moved at the will of the operator.

It presents this first novel characteristic that the shafts carrying the rollers can be made to bear more or less heavily against the cone in proportion to the effort to be transmitted. In other words, the greater the force to be transmitted the greater is the eifort exerted to hold the roller in engagement with the cone, this operation being realized automaticall It also presents-a further essential charmeans of a lever operable by one hand, permits of first of all uncoupling the rollers, that is to say, of moving them away from the cone and consequently uncoupling the mechanism, then of moving them with a view to effecting a change of speed, after which the same lever reestablishes contact of the rollers with the cone, so as to couple up again once the desired speed is obtained. By means of this arrangement it is possible to do away with the usual clutch with its actuating pedal.

This mechanism is also characterized by the use of an additional cone, concentric to the first and also driven by the same rollers, which enables reversal of running and run ning backward to be obtained by the use of the same single operating lever.

It also comprises a system of direct drive.

Finally, this transmission mechanism is characterized by a special arrangement of the various parts entering into its composition.

The diagrammatic drawings annexed here- 7 the driven shaft Z) is fixed a Patented June 14,1921.

to show, but by way of a purely indicative; w

and in no way limltative example, a trans mission mechanism constructed according to the lnventlon.

F gural 1s a plan part1 in section.

F g. 2 1s a side view an Fig. 3 1s a plan view.

Figs. 4:, 5, 6 and 7, to a larger scale, are" I .65 Il'lOtOr shaft which is supexample, to be that of a detailed views of the direct drive a designates the posed, by way of device. I

motor car, I) is the driven shaft situated in I.

the prolongation of the shaft or and capable of being mounted in this latter by means of a socket b, or in any other The shaft a carries a driving pinion a. On cone 0 of any sultable length and taper, according. to the conditions to be fulfilled by the transmission mechanism. Parallel to the the cone 0 are arranged two square shafts (Z, e, the lower extremity of which is cylindrical and is mounted in knuckle-joint bearngs a3, 6', and carry pinions (Z e engaging with the pinions a. At their upper end the shafts d, e are mounted in bearings (F, e which are subject to the action of springs 03,

6* whose pressure can be regulated by means that they can slide upon these shafts while H being driven by these latter; with this end in view the shafts may be prismatic. These rollers are engaged by the fork f of a lever f 7 which, pivoting about an axis F, f passes through a slot 7, f formed in a bar suitable manner.

P which can slide in a plane parallel to the I axis of the driving and driven shafts in the standards 7, f of the frame.

The horizontal bar has an arm f a portion of which is formed as a rack g with which meshes a wheel. g shaft fixed to the frame. mounted under the pressure of a spring at a fixed point of the frame engages the wheel g in such a manner that it tends. to remain normally in engagement with the wheel as shown in the drawings.

At a suitable point of the frame there is arranged a shaft it upon which there can rotate a double arm 72,, one end of which is given the form of a cam h while the other rotating about a A p w 9 extremity constitutes a support k which is intended to receive an operating lever i-pivclined arms j, j.

I the contact pieces d 6 The shafts d, 6, being r a, 652, e

concentrically with the cone 0 and above this latter is arranged a cone of small length is, which is used for reverse drive. This cone, the generatrices of which are in the prolongationof those ableto bedriven from the rollers f, f, comprises aninner toothed crown lcin which two pinions k engage, these two latter meshing with the pinion Z0 keyed upon the driven shaft 7). The pinions k k are mounted upon axes If, is fixedto a cross beam k or in any other suitable manner.

The extremityof the motor shaft a terminates in a hub a, Fig. 4, in which the end' of the driven shaft 7) is rotatively mounted and in which are formed longitudinal grooves a, Fig. 4, this latter figure being a section. along the lines 55 Figs. 1 and 2. The shafta also comprises a collar a upon which there rests freely a plate constituted by a certain number of segments a", (H, a shown in plan in Fig. 5, theseplates having a central hole in which are formed projec tions a of a form corresponding to the grooves a in the hub 44 face of these segments a", a a extend plns 0. of any-suitable number intended to enter recesses 0' formed in the lower face of the cone 0, Fig. 6, this latter figure being an end View of the cone. In these recesses are placed springs 0 the purpose ofwhich is to force the projections a move the segments a", a, a away from the center of the driven shaft 6.

The method of operation is as follows: Supposing the parts in the positions indicated in the drawings, the driving shaft a transmits, by means of d a", rotary movement to the shafts d, e and consequently to the friction rollers f, f.

cone 0 by the springs 0*, d this latter is caused to rotate at a speed corresponding to the ratios of the elements of the train of gears as well as to the ratios of the diameters of therollers and of the cone. The bar f ,.thro'ugh the slots 7", in which pass the levers F, f, is held in position owing to the fact that the wheel 9 meshing with the rack g is locked by the pawl 9 If itis desired to change the speed, the operating lever 71 is caused to swing from 'right to left, Fig. 1, the effect of which is to of the cone '0, so as to be.

Above the upper the wheel 9.

outwardly so as to changes speed, and couplesagain.

the train of gears a,

'forced toward the about its axis h and i to mesh with the time, the pawl shafts d, e and consequently the rollers f, 7

from the cone 0. The motion of the shaft a then ceases to be transmitted to the driven shaft e. In other words the transmission system is uncoupled. j Change of speed is effected while the mechanism is uncoupled in the above manner by operating the lever i, that is to say bycausing it to pivot either in one direction or the other about its axis i, the effect of which,

owing to the segment 2' and the wheel g is to impart a corresponding movement to the rack g which in turn moves the arm'f the and the levers f and f which results in a movement of the rollers f, f in one direction or the other, so that these latter.

move toward or awayfrom the large end of the cone. Y

Once this operation isfinished, coupling is effected again and in all cases by means of the same lever e and reproduced but in the opposite direction, that is to say, from left to right to its riginal position, to permit the arm j, j, the springs sition and The pawl g reenters into engagement'with The rollers f, f bear again agaln trans in order to bring it back the effect of which is against the cone 0 and motion is mitted, but this time at a different velocity.

The maneuver is therefore realized with thehelp of a single lever which uncouples,

By acting lightly upon the operating lever a certain change of velocity can be obtained by merely causing the'rollers to'slide uponthe cone. This lever could moreover be bent in a desired direction so as to facilitate its operation.

If it is desired to change thedirection of running of the transmisslon mechanism, the

single lever i is operated until the rollers leave the main conec and come'into auxihary cone The r" contact with the movement given to this latter is then trans: mitted in the opposite direction to the driven" shaft 7) by the intermediary of the train of gears 70 ,70 70, as will be easily understood.

A ball bearing may be interposedbetween' the two cones.

the same effects are the lever is caused to swing under the action of d 0, to resume their former pog to raise the abutment plate It.

f, on the other hand, it is desired to en I gage'the direct drive, the rolls f, f" are caused tos'lide on their shafts d, 6 until they leave the square portion and reach the cylindrical portion ofthese shafts, the effect of which is to'bring'these rollers into contact with two of the segments a, a", a and to move thes'elatter toward the axis of the driven shaft 6. The projections a of these segments then penetrate] into the grooves a of the hub a of the motor shaft a and, as the segments are coupled to the cone 0, the result is that motion is transmitted directly from the shaft ato the shaft 6, without passing through the change speed mechanism, the rollers then turning idly upon their shafts.

The important advantage should be pointed out that, according as the'effort to be transmitted is great, the contact of the rollers with the cone is also more energetic. In other words, the action of the springs (Z 0 is more strongly felt when the rollers are near the small end of the cone and when in consequence the speed transmitted is great.

Finally, it should also be pointed out that the invention is not strictly limited to the diagrammatic construction, which has only been described above by way of an example; and that the arrangement of the parts could be varied to a great extent without changing any of the essential characteristics of the system. 7

I claim: 4

1. A transmission mechanism comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, means actuated by said driving shaft to rotate said cone, and means actuated by said cone-rotating means to couple said driving and driven shafts directly to each other.

2. A transmission mechanism comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a con on said driven shaft, friction rollers in contact with said cone, means for driving said rollers from said driving shaft and a single means for varyingthe point of contact of the rollers with the cone and for moving the rollers out of contact with said cone.

3. A transmission mechanism comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, frictionrollers driven from said driving shaft and in contact with said cone, a second cone located adjacent said first cone, said second cone having an internal gear, transmitting gear between said internal gear and the driven shaft to reverse the direction of rotation of th latter and means for moving said rollers from contact with the first cone into contact with the reversing cone.

4. A transmission mechanism comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, friction rollers in contact with said cone, means for driving said rollers from said driving shaft,

means for coupling said driving and driven shafts directly and means for moving said rollers out of engagement with the cone to throw said coupling into engagement to conple said shafts directly.

5. A transmission mechanism comprising in combination "a di'ivingshaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, friction rollers driven' from in contact with said cone, a second cone located" adjacent said first cone having an internal gear, transmitting gear between said internal gear and the driven shaft to reverse the direction of rotation of the latter, means for coupling said driving and driven shafts directly together, and means for moving said rollers into engagement with either cone or to actuate said coupling means as desired.

6. A transmission mechanism comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, roller-carrying shafts driven by said driving shaft, friction rollers mounted on said shafts, said shafts being mounted at one end in knuckle-bearings, spring actuated means forcing the opposite ends of said shafts toward the cone, and a single lever adapted to move said shafts away from said cone and to move said rollers axially along said shafts.

7. A transmission mechanism comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, roller-carrying shafts driven by said driving shafts, frictionrollers mounted on said shafts, said shafts being mounted at one end in knuckle-bearings, spring actuated means forcing the opposite ends of the shafts toward the cone, a frame carrying the axes of said rollers and a single lever adapted to move said frame parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cone and to move said shafts away from said cone.

8. A transmission mechanism comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, roller-carrying shafts driven by said driving shaft, friction rollers mounted on said shafts, said shafts being mounted at one end in knuckle-bearings, spring actuated means forcing the opposite ends of the shafts toward the cone, a frame carrying the axes of said rollers, said frame, a gear-wheel engaging said rack, a segment engaging said gear wheel and a single lever adapted to actuate said-segment and to force said shafts away from said cone.

9. A transmission mechanism comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a cone on said driven shaft, roller-carrying shafts driven by said driving shaft, friction-rollers mounted on said shafts, said shafts being mounted at one end in knuckle-bearings, spring-actuated means forcing the opposite ends of the shafts toward the cone, a frame carrying the axes of the said rollers, a rack on said frame, a gear-wheel engaging said said driving shaft and cone, said second a rack on rack, a segment. engaging said gear-wheel, a single lever adapted to actuate vsaid segment and to force said shafts away from said cone and a pawl adapted to lock and unlock said gear-Wheel in accordance with thejmovement of the lever.

a 10. A transmission mechanism comprising a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a none on. V

fts pawl adapted to lockand unlock said gear-l said driven shaft, roller-carrying sha driven by said driving shaft, friction rollers mounted on said shafts, said shafts being mounted at one end 'n knuckle-bearings, spring actuated means forcing the opposite a frame carrying, the axes of said r0llers,a rack on said frame, a gear-Wheelengagmg said rack, a segment engaging said gear- Wheel, a single lever adaptedto actuate said segment and to actuate the cam-levers to force th shafts away from the cone and a Wheel in accordance with the movement of the lever, Y a 1 NICOLAS. GHERASSIMOFF. 

